第10章

BOOK I. THE GREAT DECLARATION. PART II.

BOOK I. THE GREAT DECLARATION. PART II.

On the day mow-woo, the king halted on the north of the River. When all the chiefs with their hosts were assembled, the king reviewed the hosts, and made the following declaration, saying, "Ah! Ye multitudes of the West, listen all to my words.

CONTENTS OF THE SECOND PART. Since the delivery of the first address, the army has crossed the Ho, when Woo reviews it, and makes this speech,which is more especially addressed to the troops. He makes Show and Këě, T＇ang and himself, all pass before his men, showing that Show was more wicked than Këě, and that his punishment of him would be more glorious than T＇ang＇s had been of Këě. Heaven will surely crown their enterprise with success; and he therefore in conclusion urges them all to go into battle,not despising the tyrant, but with united hand and heart, to accomplish a work that should last for ages. The whole is divided into 9 paragraphs.

Pp. 1, 2. The time, place and occasion of the address; and the parties addressed. The time was the day mow-woo, which we are able to determine, from the lst par. of the ＇Completion of the War,＇ to have been the 28th day of the lst month. We are there told that Woo began his march to attack Chow on the day jinshin, which was the 2d of the lst month. Calculating on to the day mow-woo, we ascertain that it was the 28th of the same moon. The controversy, described on the lst par. of the last Part, on the term ＇spring,＇however, is not decided by this fixing of the relation between the two dates. Ts＇ae will still have the month to be the first of the Hea year,—really the first month of spring; Gan-kwŏ and others will have it to be the first month of the Chow year, the second month of winter. 次於河北, 次=꿀, ＇to stop＇, ＇to be stationed＇. In the interval, therefore, between the two addresses, the army had crossed the Ho. 徇師,—徇 (3d tone)=循,＇to go about＇. Hwang Too explains it from the phrase拊循, ＇to cheer and animate＇. ＇To review＇ expresses the meaning accurately enough. Perhaps we are to understand that the king first crossed the river and encamped; and then, when all the princes with their troops, had pitched their tents around him, he went through the host and addressed the soldiers. 2. 西土有衆,—Woo and his father had both been ＇Chiefs of the West,＇—viceroys over that part of the empire.

3. "I have heard that the good man, doing good, finds the day insufficient, and that the evil man, doing evil,likewise finds the day insufficient. Now Show, the king of Shang, with strength pursues his lawless way.He has cast away the time-worn sires, and cultivates intimacies with wicked men. Dissolute, intemperate,reckless, oppressive, his ministers have become assimilated to him; and they form parties, and contract animosities, and depend on the emperor＇s power to exterminate one another. The innocent cry to Heaven. The odour of such a state is plainly felt on high.

4. "Heaven loves the people, and the sovereign should reverence this mind of Heaven.

P3. The dreadful wickedness of Show.

吉그, 凶그,—comp. the use of 吉 and 凶 in the＇Counsels of Yu＇, p5. Here, however, we are to take the terms in their purely moral signification. This use of them shows the deep conviction that goodness and prosperity, evil and calamity, ought always to be found together.

播棄犁老,—comp. in the ＇Viscount of Wei,＇ p.3,耄遜於荒, 播 is here explained by 放, very nearly synonymous with 棄. 犁 is most simply explained by taking it as for 黧, ＇black and yellow＇, the colour of old men＇s faces. Mih-tsze says of Chow that he 播棄黎老,where 黎 is probably intended for the character in the text.

胒比罪그,—胒 (neih), as in the ＇charge to Yuě p.5;比, as in the ＇Instructions of E,＇ p.7. 朋家作仇=各立朋黨, 互為仇讐. 脅權,—脅, as in the ＇Punitive Expedition of Yin,＇ p.6,=進, ＇to press＇, ＇to force＇. The phrase here=＇they make forcible use of—press upon with—the power of the emperor＇. 籲天=告天 or 呼天, ＇appeal to Heaven＇.

穢德,—＇their filthy, fetid deeds＇. See on the ＇Pwankǎng＇. Pt. ii., p. 8.

Pp. 4, 5. Heaven will always overthrow wickedness and tyranny:—illustrated in the case of Këě and T＇ang,and now in that of Show, who was worse than Këě,and himself. 4. 惠=愛, ＇to love＇, 有夏桀 is not= ＇there was Këě of Hea＇, but 有夏之君, 桀, Këě, the ruler who held Hea.＇

Këĕ, the sovereign of Hea, could not follow the example of Heaven, but sent forth his poisonous injuries through the States of the empire:—Heaven favoured and charged T＇ang, the successful, to make an end of the decree of Hea.

5. But the crimes of Show exceed those of Këĕ.He has stript and degraded the greatly good man; he has behaved with cruel tyranny to his reprove and helper. He says that his is the decree of Heaven; he says that a reverent care of his conduct is not worth observing; he says that sacrifice is of no use; he says that tyranny is no matter. The case for his inspection was not remote;—in that king of Hea. It would seem that Heaven is going by means of me to rule the people. My dreams coincide with my divinations; the auspicious omen is double. My attack on Shang must succeed.

流毒떘國=流毒於떘國, ＇flowed out his poison upon the lower States＇. Këě is conceived of on the throne of the empire, as being raised on high, above his own and all the feudal domains. 降黜夏命,—降黜 = to brindown g . the e h tdxpressioihef＇C55ttoteanpaway.ompnnnouthe Preface,—成王既黜殷命. 5. 罪浮於桀,—浮, comp.on the ＇Pwan-kang＇, Pt. ii. Here it is evidently = 勝 or過, ＇to exceed＇. 剝喪元良,—剝, ＇to tear＇, ＇to peel＇ = ＇to degrade＇; 喪 is 눂位, ＇to use one＇s office＇, used, here in a hiphil sense. It is supposed that this clause has reference to the viscount of Wei, whose withdrawal from hurt, it would thus appear, was preceded by violence and oppression on the part of Show.